Much information comes from such holes; for example, the bottom of this hole was about 370F (190C). The greater the hole angle, the bigger the difference. And thats not all. There is a girl who somehow survived being sucked up into a huge thunderstorm in Australia while hang gliding, and wound up 10,000 meters high, at -55, unconscious, alone, and far above the death zone. 615-447-2500, Germantown / Memphis Campus Research genealogy for Bertha Rogers of Faversham Kent England, as well as other members of the Rogers family, on Ancestry. This can drop the rocks 20 plus km, which means its possible to have 20 km thick pile of sediment under 2 km of water. However, if hydrocarbons (both gas and liquid) tend to percolate/migrate upward against gravity, as others have mentioned, one wonders what mechanism/geology is so effective at preventing gas diffusion for as long as 400 million years? Bess Mills-Bullard, Digest of Oklahoma Oil and Gas Fields, Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 40, Vol. Bertha Rogers is a poet, translator, visual artist, and teaching artist. Burn the drillers! There is now no reasonable doubt that over the continental areas of the world the earth's crust is about 20 miles thick, but only about half that in the oceanic areas. As an Amazon Associate, AOGHS earns a commission from qualifying purchases. Bad and unhealthy habit.) My quick Web search only turned up a reference to isotope dating Alberta oil sand deposits to 112 million years ago: https://phys.org/news/2005-05-world-age-oil.html . My immediate thought was : how then did snow get on the top of Mt Everest ? Much of the oil off the coast of places like Santa Barbara, California is now reachable from onshore drilling. The Wikipedia on that borehole says that the sulfur melted the drill bit, and that is why they stopped? I recalled a paper on the geology/geophysics of the Chayvo field I knew the TVDs were unremarkable, but I just never had the time to look up the drilling details. The GI is located on the West Ridge of the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus. First, define the approachof each thinker and then compare and. Its based on over 100 years of drilling. It led to far deeper wells. Several sciencey websites also described it as the deepest oil well in the world and/or reposted the Fuel Fix infographic: And it generated hilarious comments like this: Remember folks: oil may be found 13 km deep but oil thats of biotic origin! The equipment could not take the abuse at total depth. By true vertical depth: Bertha Rogers No. Pythagoras is rolling over in his grave . And further west, there is also a long history of various cycles and processes, including uplift, erosion, sedimentation, further uplift, etc. In drilling, its all about pressure and resistance. I honestly want to know: Are you happier for having this halcyon memory, or sadder because you cant do things like that anymore? It is not oil or gas that is being sought with the Kola well, but an understanding of the nature of the earth's crust. It had three anvils one above the other. I seem to recall that at one point the Russians (was probably the Soviets at that point in time) had decided to try to drill all the way through Earths crust to test the idea that there could be primordial methane trapped down there. Its in Russia, off Sakhalin Island and it extends 15 km or 49,000 feet into the ground. Irina is a writer for Oilprice.com with over a decade of experience writing on the oil and gas industry. Office of the World Energy Resources Program. Oil does not come from plants and dinosaurs at 40,000 feet. Algae and phytoplankton arent dinosaurs and are not exactly plants either. Consider sandstone reservoirs vs chalk reservoirs. She was born March 9, 1932 in Washington County, Va., a daughter of the late Walter Robert and Minnie May Smith Montgomery. The Chayvo prospect was first identified on 2d seismic surveys in 1971, drilled in 1979 and assessed as a gas resource in 1982. Jonathon Moseley, American Thinker, flashy (apparently widely distributed) Michael E. Mann, Material on this website is copyright 2006-2022, by Anthony Watts, and may not be stored or archived separately, rebroadcast, or republished without written permission. Your Amazon purchase benefits the American Oil & Gas Historical Society. So, the deepest oil well in the world is not actually the worlds longest, and thats fine. I could spend 2 Btu of natural gas to produce 1 Btu of oil and make over a 2:1 return on capital. Given the shear hysterics around AGM put around by people with very weak understandings of the sciences, who is surprised if they get the numbers wrong.who cares but isnt the graphic very pretty? It wasnt the last time Lone Star/Enserch turned an exploration well into a science project/engineering demonstration. Dont worry about what they call you. Andrew Breitbart |readmore, the worlds most viewed climate website Their chief innovation was that, instead of turning the drill bit by rotating the stem, in the Kola well the bit alone was turned by the flow of drilling mud. 10 miles is 52,800 feet. Volcanoes deposited material on top of the crust, and also sometimes magma welled up but never broke the surface, and the magma cooled deep underground. Tabular salt acts like a radiator. Oklahoma Historical Society800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive, Oklahoma City, OK 73105 | 405-521-2491Site Index | Contact Us | Privacy | Press Room | Website Inquiries, Get Updates in Your Inbox Keep up to date with our weekly newsletter delivered straight to your inbox. The ultra-deepwater Lower Tertiary oil discoveries are well within the oil window. The deeper you drill, the greater both the pressure and the resistance. Look around at the surrounding ranges. Dr. Bertha Alarcon Vargas, DDS, is a General Dentistry specialist practicing in Pomona, CA with 33 years of experience. The Lone Star Producing Bertha Rogers was a dry hole, drilled near Sayer OK, but the Deep Anadarko Basin has some the deepest productive gas wells in the world. 10.2523/IPTC-10573-MS. Handbook of Texas Online, Jeff Seidel, ENSERCH CORPORATION, accessed April 17, 2019,http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/dqe01. I recall the interview I saw, in which after he stepped off his platform, he thought he was not falling and was going to die when his oxygen ran out, since he was so high there was no sensation of wind rushing past him. Going much deeper would be incredibly dangerous, as limitations such as heat, humidity, logistics, and potential seismic activity all become more intense. Tech Breakthrough Could Spark A Geothermal Energy Boom, Oil Prices Higher Despite Bearish Inventory Data, Unseasonably Warm Weather Could Help End The War In Ukraine, U.S. Oil Production Growths Path Is Clear, 180 Million Barrels Of Crude May Never Be Returned To The SPR, Saudi Arabia Is Open To Discuss Non-Dollar Oil Trade Settlements, Why Oils 7-Month Downturn May Be About To Reverse. This includes individual articles (copyright to OHS by author assignment) and corporately (as a complete body of work), including web design, graphics, searching functions, and listing/browsing methods. That email address is already in the database. Searching for oil was less an earth science and more an art in the exploration and production industrys earliest days. Setting aside the fact that the oil & gas havent been trapped anywhere for 400 million years What does gravity have to do with oil & gas migrating upward? He won an official Darwin Award for that. Hope its obvious that that was for Gordon too. It doesnt support the myth of abiotic oil in the slightest. We acknowledge the Alaska Native nations upon whose ancestral lands our campuses reside. Digging a hole straight down would seem to be the most effective way to study the Earths interior. North American Brine Resources operates a plant near Dover, Oklahoma. Yosemite Park is a famous example of this. But people that are aware that pretty much all knowledge is provisional, to at least a certain extent, have a far better chance of doing so. On Russia's Kola Peninsula, near the Norwegian border at about the same latitude as Prudhoe Bay, the Soviets have been drilling a well since 1970. Despite drillers trying to avoid having expensive tools jammed deep in the well, accidents happened. As one of my keepsakes I have very bottom 3 inches of the the 2 inch core. The structure of the deep Earth is studied today by means that are more indirect. 69,850 for a hot air balloon is kind of surprising. Those are remnants of the original pre-Oligocene land surface the Medicine Bow Peneplain. Several hundred of her poems appear in literary journals, anthologies, and in her poetry collections, including Wild, Again; Heart Turned Back; Sleeper, You Wake; Even the Hemlock; A House of Corners; and The Fourth Beast. A trip meant 8 hours around the rotatory table for each crew. & Geological Survey (U.S.). Most of the seafloor has a thin veneer of sediment But, the depocenters have enormously thick sedimentary sequences. I have a little desk plaque with two pockets one containing sulfur crystals and the other with rock cuttings from the Bertha Rogers Well. One other observation: the higher ratio of gas to oil in the deeper (older) strata compared to that in the more shallow (younger) strata is consistent with the cracking of liquid hydrocarbons to produce gaseous hydrocarbons due to increasing heat with depth. 1 Sanders well in Beckham County became Oklahomas deepest natural gas producing well at 24,996 feet. This led to the creation of the Bertha Rogers Hole. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of catalysts. I recommend that you read up a bit on geology. According to what we have learned this week, thereare three ways to approach an argument. What I was getting at is that, as deep as the deepest producing wells are, the place where the original sediment exists is even deeper. Even then, the oil & gas arent permanently trapped. As drillers gained experience with deeper wells, patent applications included hundreds of designs for catching some tool or part that had been broken or lost in the borehole. The typical person believes in PR.. In re-energizing America, Anadarko will not yield its gas easily or briefly. The Deep Anadarko Basin of Western Oklahoma is one of the most prolific gas provinces of North America. The deepest well ever drilled for any reason, the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia, only went down 40,230 feet. But also keep in mind that the places where oil and gas are recovered are not the source of the material, but simply a place where the right conditions exist to trap a large amount of it as it percolates upwards . How deep into the ground do we have to go to tap the resources we need to keep the lights on? Ten years ago, the latest data from the Energy Information Administration shows, the average depth of U.S. exploration oil wells was almost 7,800 feet. The operation repeated until the lowest piece was reached. I worked on a project offshore Greece that had crude oil that was 70% liquid hydrogen sulfide. I especially like how they depict it as soil the entire way down. While they do not appear to based on directly dating the hydrocarbons, the geological strata referenced and those strata in which hydrocarbons have NOT been found in any significant quantity does, to me, seem to rule out the abiotic oil theory on the following grounds: In addition to the important bearing that this discovery has on the general geophysical sciences, there is a potential economic impact. Its not only not the worlds deepest oil well, its about 20,000 shy of the deepest oil well in the Gulf of Mexico, possibly deepest in the world. The Chayvo oilfield is very impressive for many reasons; however the depths of the wells and the oil & gas reservoirs are not among those reasons. but then again it has been implied that I am ignorant of geology. Or at least, such is my understanding, in a nutshell. The deepest Bakken is about 8,500 below sea level. The first oil well drilled in Texas in 1866 was a little over 100 feet deep: the No 1 Isaac C. Skillern struck oil at a depth that, from todays perspective, is ridiculously shallow. https://wtf.tw/ref/tainter.pdf, https://youtu.be/GzuviYRse3E about 3 minutes. The same goes for shale. Its locked up in the API vault in between the perpetual motion machine and the formula for turning water into gasoline . True vertical depth is how deep the well was drilled. At 31,441 feet, the Bertha Rogers well held a record at the turn of the twenty-first century as the world's deepest producing well. Separately, do you know if oil extracted from vertical depths greater than, say, 5,000 m (~16,000 ft TVD) below land/seafloor surface has ever been scientifically age-dated? (and the stress creates, among other things, the San Andreas Fault, the Sierra Madrea, and the Rockies). For years, this concept has served well as a working hypothesis for earth scientists. Question: This is the first I recall hearing about that pool of molten sulfur at the bottom of a well in Oklahoma. I dont spend energy to fill my gas tank. Lindquist, Sandra J. However, if hydrocarbons (both gas and liquid) tend to percolate/migrate upward against gravity, as others have mentioned, one wonders what mechanism/geology is so effective at preventing gas diffusion for as long as 400 million years? Excellence-Driven We would all like to know what is inside the Earth. A total of four oil producers and one gas injector were planned to develop the northern portion of the reservoir. Long wells arent deep wells. al. It is a world class source rock. This is called directional drilling and is increasingly popular in the oil and gas industry. I note that the NOAA graphic of total sedimentation across Earths oceans is generally consistent with the data presented in the Peter Olson, et. Despite its depth, the bottomhole temperature was only about 280 F, within the oil window. The notion I have of oil has to do with sedimentation, not subduction. We wouldnt need offshore rigs to reach a lot of that oil and gas. Noctilucent clouds can be several times as high as nacreous clouds. , In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors. Geologists knew far more about finding coal seams than characteristics of oil-bearing formations. That is quite some subduction. It was drilled for research purposes beginning in 1970. John Livingston Grandin dug his well nearby using a simple spring pole but soon wedged his iron chisel downhole. I have been in the real estate industry for over 15 years and I love being able to find the perfect home for any family. Dating methods include vitranite reflectance and 13C isotope ratios in diamondoids (which arent diamonds). Oil is a mixture of complex hydrocarbons: alkanes (parafins), napthenes, aromatics and asphaltenes in highly variable ratios. Other types of clouds can be even higher, like nacreous clouds as much as 82,000 The rigs in North Dakota are large because supporting two miles of pipe takes a lot of steel. A few years ago I was asked to review one of those deep water discoveries in the Gulf of Mexico, and although the productive layer was very thick, and the oil in place was very large, I suggested they should not expect more than a 15% recovery factor, because the fluid/rock/temperature and geology just werent good enough to do anything but cherry pick the better spots. Germantown, TN 38138 This has never been observed anywhere else. Drilling stopped there at six miles (9.65 kilometers) when the bit hit molten sulfur. Significant oil and gas discoveries have been made throughout this region, including the Hugoton-Panhandle Gas Field of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas in the 1920s and numerous others in Oklahoma, such as the West Edmond Field, the Union City Field, and the Elk City Field, after 1950. I will cease asking questions on this subject matter in deference to those I have obviously upset. . If you add in the pipe run horizonal over a mile or two you have a number of deep long wells. Many lost tools that cannot be recovered are drilled up or side-tracked (driven into or against the wall) and passed in drilling, Day explained. For 20th Centurys final quarter the Basin remains the frontier of deep drilling technology centered on Elk City, Deep Gas Capital of the World. Perhaps the most well-known effort to pierce the Earth is Project Mohole (began in 1961), which was an attempt to drill through the Earths crust in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Mexico where the crust is shallow. Promised rewards lying beyond the threshold of drilling techniques demand massive investment. 21, 2017, 7:33 PM. But this still needs subduction because the carbonates had to get there somehow. This is almost impossible to explain to a freshman geology student, much less people with no understanding of geology. The Chayvo wells were impressive accomplishments, Apr 22, 2014 Extended-reach drilling project from onshore rig surpasses previous Sakhalin campaigns, sets world records for MD, By Vishwas P. Gupta, ExxonMobil Development Co; Angel H.P. Any high school student could make the paradoxes go away. which consist of Aristotle, Rogers, and Toulmin. I dont give a rats @$$ if 1 barrel of amoeba farts uses less energy to produce than 1 barrel of crude oil Because the barrel of amoeba farts costs $1,100 and cant be produced in sufficient quantities to be waiting for me at the Chevron, Texaco, Exxon or Shell station when I need it. [4], Oil-exploratory borehole in Washita County, Oklahoma, United States, "Summary of Deep Oil and Gas Wells and Reservoirs in the U.S.", "Oklahoma Corporation Commission completion report (form 1002A) dated September 3, 1974", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bertha_Rogers&oldid=1071960965, Buildings and structures in Washita County, Oklahoma, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 February 2022, at 07:42. We know because of the deepest hole drilled by humans into the Earths crust. Actually hothouses dont work like Arrhenius thought. Chayvo Field, Sakhalin Island, Russia: Identification of a Significant Oil Leg From 3D Seismic and Execution of a World-Class Extended-Reach-Drilling Program. (Miriam OBrien aka slandering Sou from Hotwhopper, that means you.). Even as drilling technologies evolved from spring poles and cable tools to modern rotary rigs, downhole problems remained especially as wells reached new depths (learn more about development of rotary rigs in Making Hole Drilling Technology). The layered zones made it practical to dill these very deep wells as a field. Gordon, when mountain ranges erode away and get left in various places on the way to the sea, it is more commonly by water and ice, than by wind. I spend money to fill my gas tank. They couldnt drill any deeper, the well was unstable They shouldnt have drilled that deep. Well, very deep. All rights reserved. On the rig floor, fishing tools had to be lowered by a line into the well, armed at their end with spears, clamps and hooks. One of the reasons why places like the Gulf of Mexico exist, and have such large amounts of sediment and such old sedimentary rock in place,is because they have, for various reasons, never been subducted. Nothing contained on the Web site shall be considered a recommendation, solicitation, or offer to buy or sell a security to any person in any jurisdiction. The shallow horizons of Greater Anadarko account for much of this nations proved gas reserves. But even back then and especially now with wells miles deep and often turned horizontally when a downhole problem occurred, the well could be lost for good. Sorry, thats for Gordon, not DM. Did the oil form directly under the sands and rock of the peninsula strictly due to sedimentation? But I invite scientists more knowledgeable than me to comment on this. https://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Disciplines/Drilling.aspx. In the mid-1990s, Russia opened up its oil & gas potential to western companies and ExxonMobil went to work: Here is the Fuel Fighter infographic at the same scale as a cross-section of the Chayvo oilfield: Apotria, Ted, Poffenberger, Mike, Powell, Rick & Venner, Bridget. During drilling, the well encountered enormous pressure almost 25,000 psi (172,369 kPa). The zones were layers, about 7 potential zones, the Granite Wash was the last one to test as you came uphole. P.S. Individuals should consider whether they can afford the risks associated to trading. Theres probably a little bit of everything in crude oil Its just mostly algae and phytoplankton. Indeed the reply is usually Well those are just your numbersand if I push the point further that they are not my numbers but the real data the reply is usually either that I work in the oil industry so am automatically biased or that they do not want to discuss this anymore with a denier or finally I get the nail in the head, the infantile consensus argument. Sulfur melts at about 116 C, which is not all that hot, so why did the bit melt, or was that misinformation? The U.S. Labor Department describes an Oil Well Fishing Tool Technician (Occupational Title 930.261-010) as an occupation that analyzes conditions of unserviceable oil or gas wells and directs use of special well-fishing tools and techniques to recover lost equipment and other obstacles from boreholes of wells,, The government description adds that the technician plans fishing methods, selects tools, and directs drilling crew in applying weights to drill pipes, in using special tools, in applying pressure to circulating fluid (mud), and in drilling around lodged obstacles or specified earth formations, using whipstocks and other special tools.. The deepest hole by far is one on the Kola Peninsula in Russia near Murmansk, referred to as the "Kola well." The drilling was started October 25, 1972 and it took Lone Star a little over a year and a half to reach 31,441 feet (9,583 m) on April 13, 1974. Renewed assessment of some 22,000 cubic miles of deep sediments may carry over into the 21st Century. The derrickman would snag at least one tripple each trip. Prior to this, the deepest well was the 31,441 feet deep Lone Star Producing Co. 1-27 Bertha Rogers well in Washita County, Oklahoma. As depths increased, frequent stops were needed to bail out water and cuttings and sharpen the bits iron edge. Personal connection: Lone Star Producing became Enserch Exploration in 1975 and was my first employer in the oil & gas industry. 500+ million years of subsidence and uplift resulted in the Devonian-aged (~360 Ma) Bakken formation (green/yellow layer) being at depths ranging from about -4,500 to -8,500 below sea level. Traces of octane and other heavier hydrocarbons, presumably formed by the Fischer-Tropsch process have been detected at the Mid-Atlantic Lost City hydrothermal vent. However, if hydrocarbons (both gas and liquid) tend to percolate/migrate upward against gravity, as others have mentioned, one wonders what mechanism/geology is so effective at preventing gas diffusion for as long as 400 million years? At the maximum rate, this would only account for 2200 m of sedimentation over two hundred million years . Doesnt the sulfur in matches contribute to acid rain? It has always been the case that some people take the newest research or hypothesis as more than just an idea or some guesswork, but instead see it as knowledge. The bottomhole temperature was 475 F (246 C) and the pressure was pushing 25,000 psi. Nicholas McGinley, thank you for your patient, in-depth explanations that have educated me, the a freshman geology student, with no understanding of geology. These natural waves allow us to see inside the Earth as they react to various layers, much as x-rays or MRIs allow us to view inside the human body. Deep drilling in the Anadarko Basin is facilitated by a ~40,000 thick sedimentary section and the top of geopressure can be deeper than 20,000. Maybe slang isnt the right word, but its obviously a shorthand or informal way of referring to molecular breakdown. Organic geochemical analyses of fine-grained rocks from the 9.590 km Bertha Rogers No. And Im not even factoring in the compaction of the sediments as they pile up. Consequently, in other places, oceanic crust plunges down into the mantle and is recycled. Wells drilled here have been among the worlds deepest. indicates a global average ocean sedimentation rate of about 5 meters per million years, with a range of 1 to 11 m/Ma covering all the worlds oceans. Probably not. Copyright to all articles and other content in the online and print versions of The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History is held by the Oklahoma Historical Society (OHS). Reminds me of We will travel 20,000 leagues under the sea!. How do we know? Since then, numerous gas wells have been drilled there below the twenty thousand foot range, including the Lone Star Bertha Rogers in Beckham County. Water and halite (salt) are less dense than most rocks. Bertha Rogers. This is perhaps the most geologically ignorant sentence I have ever read It took over 50 years for anyone to beat his record. He has patiently explained it many times. It is also deeper than Mount Everest is tall, at 29,000 feet. Wow! Many of the executives had pieces of sulfur that were recovered from the Bertha Rogers well. Merchant of Record: A Media Solutions trading as Oilprice.com. The materials provided on this Web site are for informational and educational purposes only and are not intended to provide tax, legal, or investment advice. Crude oil cracks if exposed to temperatures above about 300F for an extended period of time. To scientists, one of the more fascinating findings to emerge from this well is that the change in seismic velocities was not found at a boundary marking Jeffreys' hypothetical transition from granite to basalt; it was at the bottom of a layer of metamorphic rock (rock which has been intensively reworked by heat and pressure) that extended from about 3 to about 6 miles beneath the surface. It is really easy to look up the geologic history of any particular place. Key challenges included high torque and drag, wellbore positioning in a thin oil column, wellbore stability, long horizontal completions, and downhole tool telemetry. More loosely, outside the field of petroleum chemistry, the term cracking is used to describe any type of splitting of molecules under the influence of heat, catalysts and solvents, such as in processes of destructive distillation or pyrolysis. Join in! This mud log sample shows drilling rate and lithology from 4700 ft to . Commercial aviation, the natural progression for older fighter pilots, presented its own challenges mostly the enormous responsibility of having close to 400 souls counting on my experience and judgement every time I went to work. About as fast as fingernails grow. An abiogenic hypothesis for oil contained in subsurface geological formations was first proposed by Georgius Agricola in the 16th century, and most recently was popularized by Thomas Gold from 1980-2000. If you believe that water fills the pore space, how could you also think this? . Please report any problems or feedback concerning this website to uaf-rcs@alaska.edu. In 1979, the No. Hes completely on top of his subject and a master of communication. And just as compression can uplift the land, at other times this compression may slacked, and the uplifted terrain then gets stretched out and drops. For too many people, what is truth has become a matter of who said a thing. In both, its splitting molecular bonds. The number of wells to drill all depends on the geology and of course the size of the accumulation. Ive drilled wells deeper than 20,000 in the Gulf of Mexico. If buried deep enough the sulfur will undoubtedly melt naturally. Well fishing tools are constantly being improved and new ones introduced, explained David T. Day in his A Handbook of the Petroleum Industry in 1922. 1 reached a total depth of 31,441 feet where it encountered liquid sulfur. Helium is recovered from produced natural gas as a byproduct. In the worlds deepest gold mine, workers will venture 2.5 miles (4 km) below the Earths surface to extract from a 30-inch (0.8m) wide vein of gold-rich ore. All of these have bottomhole temperatures less than 300 F. It is not uncommon for people to get stuff wrong, and not very surprising. I saw this after posting. It was picked up by Internet news sites like Business Insider, The worlds deepest oil well is over 40,000 feet deep Jeff Desjardins, Visual Capitalist Mar. Simple sedimentary loading is one. Whether the glass is transparent to IR or not is irrelevant. Pretty much. Mrs. Bertha Mary Rogers of South Boston, VA died Thursday, December 1st at the age of 82. Of course since it was in the tropics it didnt have the dynamics to be severe but Im sure if it had been over the island there would have been flooding. As gas prices equate more closely to value, the nations needs may be met increasingly from this massive sedimentary basin, a focal point in drilling innovation and geological interpretation. 1 Sanders well near Sayre became Oklahomas deepest gas producer at 24,996 feet. The was an even more of a science experiment drilled south of Sayre towards Magnum & Granite. It would be nice if there was a filter to block the word abiotic, or at least the words dinosaur and maybe Gold from the comments in Daves posts. Terms of Use About the Encyclopedia. We seem to be living through a period of time where facts have become pass. There is only one possible solution to make the paradoxes go away.