Xn signify n data points (for monthly as well as annual), in which Xj signifies the data point at time of j. (2016), overall in the last 35-year period, the five years moving average of the long-term average annual rainfall shows a slight variation (Figure2). Warning: file(roboty.txt): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/kmichalski/domains/mikatextiles.com/public_html/ustawienia/init.php on line 0 . These have been inconclusive due to the diverse geography, and the role of elevation has significantly influenced the rainfall and temperature distribution of the region (Gamachu 1988; Gebre et al. Such studies ignored the localized trends of rainfall and temperature, particularly in most highlands of Ethiopia. In kiremit season, rain is essential but it extends to the bega season during the harvesting stage. Elements and Controls of Weather and Climate, 5.3. Water Resources Potentials and Development in Ethiopia, CHAPTER FIVE THE CLIMATE OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 5.2. Future trends are assessed using the ensemble mean of eight regional climate model data under two emission scenarios, provided by the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). Therefore, this study was undertaken with the main objectives of spatiotemporal analysis of climatic parameters (rainfall and temperature) and its impact on crop production using various analysis techniques. Crop production showed high correlation with belg and kiremit rainfall; only annual rainfall and barley crops showed stronger correlation. Five years moving average rainfall (19802014). Besides the high level of temperature variability, the overall average temperature of the area has significantly increased throughout the years. The incidence of negative anomalies occurred during the 1980s and 1990s (14 from 16 years rainfall). The mean annual rainfall of the basin spatially varies from 417 to 1012 mm, with a noticeable temporal variation at a monthly time scale. The annual minimum and maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm, respectively. In line with the study by Wu et al. Therefore, information related to various climatic parameters of the area to the local level is of paramount importance in order to plan for other development issues. Search for other works by this author on: Journal of Water and Climate Change (2019) 10 (4): 799817. Mean annual temperature varies from over 30 0Cin the tropicallowlands to less than 100c at very high altitudes.The Bale Mountains are among highlands where lowest mean annual temperatures are recorded.The highest mean maximum temperature in the country is recorded in the Afar Depression.Moreover, lowlands of north-western, western and south-eastern Ethiopian experiences meanmaximum temperatures of more than 300C.Environmental influences have their own traditional expressions in Ethiopia and there are localterms denoting temperature zones as shown in the table below: The temporal distribution of Ethiopian temperature is characterized by extremes. Among 38 studies, only eight studies assessed the association of VBDs with climatic variables. Conversely, low temperatures are recorded fromNovember to February.It is not easy to observe distinct variation in temperature between seasons as the sun is alwayshigh in the tropics. As already explained. 2012; Fazzini et al. Trends are biased positive in the interior western US, so that strong RH decreases are changed to weak decreases, and weak decreases are changed to increases. When the tropical depression is observed in the SWIO, the daily rainfall is significantly decreased. Therefore, community-based soil and water conservation practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities. 2011; Funk et al. Mainly, the regional topography and seasonal evolution of the large-scale circulation determined the geographical distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia (Diro et al., 2011).Global and regional change of the weather systems and the topographic variation together with the seasonal cycles are reason or major cause for the spatial variability of . Results from the spatial analysis show that the greatest increase in the number of consecutive dry days is around Siavonga, Kasama and Isoka, up to the border of Zambia and Tanzania. The researches and analysis in this study indicates that, while climate change is likely to pose serious threats to development in the RM, it also has the potential to bring opportunities. The indicators included in this study are based on many different information sources. Spring (March, April and May)In this season, the noonday sun is shining directly on the equator while shifting north from south.The shift of the ITCZ, results in longer days and more direct solar radiation providing warmerweather for the northern world. The MK test, Sen's slope and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were applied. In Ethiopia and elsewhere in the Horn,temperature shows seasonal variations. Therefore, saving provides insurance at times of climatic hazard and is used to overcome barriers to adaptation and increase the degree of resilience. Southern part ofEthiopia receives highest records of temperature in autumn and spring following the relativeshift of the sun; whereas in the northern part of the country, summer season is characterized byhigher temperature.It has to be noted that certain seasons should have special considerations. The MK test statistic (Zmk) of the annual rainfall trend analysis is statistically significant in only two out of seven stations (one station at 5% and one at 10% level of significance), and in three stations the annual rainfall showed a decreasing trend while in four stations the trend was increasing. Autumn (September, October and November)Autumnis the season of the year between summer and winter. Many researchers have undertaken trend analysis studies of the climate in some other parts of Ethiopia (Addisu et al. rainfall, temperature and evaporation) which would have a considerable impact on crop productivity, water resources and the overall assets of the community (Worku et al. The variation inthe amount of solar radiation received daily is small throughout the year. The Mann-Kendall test results showed that the annual and seasonal rainfall trend was highly variable. The temporal variabilities of rainfall are characterized by;i. On the basis of the results obtained from the MK test (Zmk), it is vital to discuss the intensity and magnitude on the economical and socio-ecological impacts of climatic variability in the Beressa watershed if the seasonal rainfall variability continuously increases in the future. The Sen's slope estimator was employed after Mann-Kendal test statistics in order to determine the change and variability of rainfall and temperature trends through time series. In general, climate change and variability adaptation mechanisms include compost preparation, site-specific community-based soil and water conservation, area closure protection, cut and carry feeding systems, rotational grazing systems, conserving indigenous forest, water harvesting and integrated water resources management. This is probably due to the fluctuation and variability of the seasonal and inter-annual rainfall pattern of the Beressa watershed during the last few decades, as indicated in Table3, which is similar to other studies (Muhire & Ahmed 2015; Zhao et al. (2014), it was concluded that a general tendency of increasing warm temperature, extreme variability and inconsistent precipitation trend was recorded in Ethiopia. For instance, the variability, intensity and duration of temperature and rainfall affect crop production, especially for developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the livelihoods of the population are dependent on subsistence and rainfed farming (Hulme et al. The focus of this study is to investigate the spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in Alwero watershed in the western part of Ethiopia using a dense network of 4 4 km gridded data (558 points) reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite records which spatially covers the watershed. In the years between 1981 and 1984, the annual total rainfall was far lower than the mean long-term rainfall. For instance, unlikeother parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature. This statistical test is a popular and important tool in detecting the trend used by many other scholars for related applications (Hirsch et al. Therefore, there is a need for community-based coping and adaptation strategies such as adopting soil, water conservation and water harvesting strategies; and increasing diversified crops, high value and market oriented crops, fast growing crops and climate resistant crops, which are less susceptible to future climatic variability. 2012). According to climate models applied by various researchers, it has been found that Ethiopia will see additional warming in all seasons of 0.72.3 C by the 2020s and 1.42.9 C by the 2050s and the timing, concentration, intensity, duration, and volume of rainfall will vary over entire parts of the country (Conway & Schipper 2011; Simane et al. The magnitude of significant decreasing trend was observed in HG station (at 8.62 mm/year and 27.88%). Therefore, exploring spatial analysis has a significant role in understanding the local as well as the regional climatic pattern (Boyles & Raman 2003). In view of this, the incidence of food shortage is a common occurrence. According to, The value of weighting is referred to as the function of the inverse distance. 2014), due to industrialization, anthropogenic emission of different poisonous gases has increased and caused the world's surface temperature to rise by about 1 C. The trend of increasing maximum temperature is stronger than the minimum temperature. 2014). Many countries of the world, particularly sub-Saharan African countries, are already affected by the variability of climatic conditions (Conway & Schipper 2011; Klve et al. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. temperature is high during the daytime in some places, and is considerably reduced at nightresulting maximum difference in the daily range.But in the case of monthly averages, variation is minimal and the annual range of temperature issmall. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. 2005). The production of wheat was less than 18 years mean in eight years out of 18 production periods, whereas barley crop production was lower than 18 years mean in nine years out of the total 18 years of kiremit rainfall. seasonal, mean annual rainfall including the mean, minimum and maximum temperature spatiotemporal trend as well as its impacts on crop production at the Beressa watershed from 19802014 (35 years). It builds on, among others, on the recommendations of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, but a substantial amount of information that became available afterwards has also been included.While this study is not meant to be a comprehensive overview of all aspects of climate change impact on the RMs economy it does reflect the breadth and depth of researches that had been done in the RM to date, and it provides a link between a global phenomenon and the sectors development issues facing the country. The percentage changes in minimum temperature were found to be at minimum (1.90%) and maximum (52.40%) in GIN and DBS stations, respectively. Over the last three and a half decades, the total annual rainfall of the Beressa watershed has varied from 698.5 to 1,100 mm. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. Location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the Horn, CHAPTER TWO THE GEOLOGY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 2.2. Annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature are influenced by the variability of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which causes interannual rainfall variability over Ethiopia. Kiremit season rainfall revealed a significantly increasing trend of about 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% at DB station and the magnitude of significantly decreasing trend was 0.90 mm/year and 16.20% at SD station. Even though the rainfall indicates seasonal and inter-annual variability, the area is characterized by a bimodal rainfall regime, with maximum rainfall concentration during kiremit (summer) season, which extends from June to September. 2015 . Time series of all MMA precipitation indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the 19012099 period. They are limited to the lowlands in the peripheries.Away from the peripheries the land begins to rise gradually and considerably, culminating inpeaks in various parts of the country. There has been a continuous decrease in the duration and distribution of rainfall during the last 35 years. 2015). Summary of annual and seasonal rainfall, coefficient of variation and PCI. Spatiotemporal Distribution of TemperatureAltitude is an important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn. However, local farmers evaluate climatic variability in relation to their crop productivity. Social fencing is another mechanism that can be adopted in the region. Additionally, studies of rainfall and temperature variations in larger areas would in general be of little use for local level agricultural production (Gebre et al. Fluctuating productivity and hence food insecurity for the area is due to long-term variability in the annual and seasonal rainfall. Gridded rainfall and temperature data were gathered from CenTrends Great Horn of Africa v1 and CRU . Extreme precipitation and streamflow events are expected to become more frequent. Assessing the long-term spatiotemporal rainfall distribution pattern is the most significant component in the climate analysis of a given country, more specifically at the local and regional levels where the effect of climate change is worse. Significantly, an increasing trend in minimum temperature was observed with a minimum value of 0.005 C/year in GIN station to a maximum value of 0.12 C/year in DBS station. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. The impact of climate change is a global threat, and its effect is more pronounced in developing countries. Elsewhere, in other parts of Ethiopia, similar conclusions are reached by Merasha (1999) and Seleshi & Zanke (2004) that the bega and belg rainfall seasons are more highly variable than the main rainy season (kiremit season). 5.3.1. Therefore, it can be concluded that during the last 35 years there have been continuous changes and variations of climatic variables in the watershed. All the given crops show considerably high correlation with belg rainfall. Soil management: Soil erosion and degradation reduces crop productivity for traditional farming practices (particularly for mountainous area like the Beressa watershed), as erosion and degradation occurs at a higher rate than fertile soil formation. Both duration and amount ofrainfall decreases as we move from southwest to north and eastwards. Air temperature estimation using remote sensing satellite provides a new way of conducting studies in the field of climate change study. Ethiopias daily temperatures are more extreme than its annual averages. Moving average rainfall and temperature can be obtained by using the following equation: Inverse distance weighted interpolation methods (IDW) have been used in order to analyse annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature. 2011; Pachauri et al. In the last few decades, incidence of climate change related hazards have manifested in the form of recurrent drought, erosive rain, rainfall variability and flood events (Kenabatho et al. The principal sources of uncertainty for the indicators and modelling results are discussed and, where appropriate, reflected in the assessments. Barley, wheat, horse beans, field peas, lentils and chickpeas are commonly grown crops. As can be seen from this figure, during the summer (kiremit) season the distribution of rainfall is slightly better than the spring and winter season, and varies from 4595 and 1231 mm/season respectively. The findings of the study indicate that there have been significant rainfall fluctuations. 2013). . The monthly rainfall data are for 132 points of 10 10 km grids reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite observations, which cover the period between 1983 and 2013. For most developing countries of the world, agriculture is the basis of the economy. Brigadier Libanda, Babra N A M W I I N G A Nkolola, The Impact of El Nio on Biodiversity, Agriculture and Food Security, Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, Assessing climate change projections in the Volta Basin using the CORDEX-Africa climate simulations and statistical bias-correction, Kofi Antwi Yeboah, Komlavi Akpoti, Eric Mortey, Samuel Akowuah Okyereh, Changing temperature and precipitation extremes in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region: an analysis of CMIP3 and CMIP5 simulations and projections, Projected trends in mean, maximum, and minimum surface temperature in China from simulations, Climate change impacts on an alpine watershed in Chile: Do new model projections change the story, Future humidity trends over the western United States in the CMIP5 global climate models and variable infiltration capacity hydrological modeling system, Long-term ozone changes and associated climate impacts in CMIP5 simulations, Simulation of historical and projected climate change in arid and semiarid areas by CMIP5 models. However, in the belg season during the period 19802014 the five years' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall was considerably variable. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. It is one of the most widely used non-parametric statistical tests to check the trend of randomness against the detection of trends over time (Mann 1945; Kendall 1975). The analysis of vulnerability related to climate changes in Ethiopia implies that in the coming decades climate variability and volatility will threaten the social and economic order (damage to natural resources, agricultural productivity, water resources and ecosystems); therefore, the incidence and intensity of drought and famine occurrence is likely to increase. 1982; Burn & Elnur 2002; Yue et al. 3. Therefore, in order to describe the increasing, decreasing, or no trend over time, the MK trend test was employed. : Vasile Scorpan, Marius aranu; Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and, Projection of frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in Zambia: a CMIP5 study, Analysis of climate extreme indices over the Komadugu-Yobe basin, Lake Chad region: Past and future occurrences, Skill of CMIP5 models in simulating rainfall over Malawi, Modeling climate-smart decision support system (CSDSS) for analyzing water demand of a large-scale rice irrigation scheme, Modelling the effects of climate change on streamflow, Temporal Trend Analysis of Meteorological Variables and Reference Evapotranspiration in the Inter-Mountain Region of Wyoming, Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on Paddy Water Balance Using APEX-Paddy Model, Solar Radiation Models and Gridded Databases to Fill Gaps in Weather Series and to Project Climate Change in Brazil. This study presents a largely indicator-based assessment of past and projected climate change, impacts and the associated vulnerabilities of and risks to ecosystems, agriculture, water recourses, forestry, bioclimatic conditions, human health and society in the RM, based on a wide range of observations and different model simulations. Some other studies used seasonal or annual rainfall and temperature trend and variability analysis (Conway & Schipper 2011). Notably, there is a significant increase in the maximum number of consecutive dry days and significant decreases in the number of days with at least 1 and 10 mm of precipitation. Therefore, the projected rainfall and temperature have been corrected for biases by using empirical Quantile Mapping. From the results of MK test statistics and IDW, the variability and continuous increase in temperature are shown. Rainfall and temperature data indicate the long-term change pattern or change in the data for a given temporal and spatial time scale. However, after 1999 and onwards, recovery in the long-term average rainfall emerged higher than the average mean, except for the drier conditions in 2002 and 2013 which were lower than the long-term mean. On the other hand, 19 years (54.3%) recorded more than the annual average rainfall. In general, these future projections point towards increases in summertime temperatures and modifications in precipitation across both regions. After visual identification of the outliers, each of the values was obtained using a normal ratio technique. The rate and variability of increasing temperature have dramatically increased, making it more difficult for local communities to foresee the intensity and magnitude of temperature even for the next few years. 2013; Irannezhad et al. According to Griggs & Noguer (2002), Babel et al. The result could downplay the effects of decreasing RH on plants and wildfire. Within this regional context, temperature data are modeled to assess its projected variation impacts on rainfall depth due to climate change. A significant increase in annual mean temperature was observed in all stations, with the magnitude varying from 0.03 C/year and 7.60% in DB station to 0.14 C/year and 31.30% at SD station. Density distribution plots of observed climate indices for meteorological stations and gridded indices are also analysed, which indicate significant negative trends in the annual number of frost days and significant increasing trends in warm nights in the EH region over the 19602000 period. Our analyses demonstrate that there will be an increase in precipitation intensity and a decrease in frequency over Zambia from the middle of the 21st century. 2011; Jain & Kumar 2012; Suryavanshi et al. Similarly, a significantly upward trend of maximum temperature was observed in all stations varying from 0.023 C/year and 4.00% in GIN station with a maximum value of 0.21 C/year and 37.60% in ENW station. The long-term rainfall trend was assessed monthly, seasonally i.e. As the shift takesplace, equatorial westerlies from the south and southwest invade most parts of Ethiopia bringingmoist winds.However, these winds decrease the length of rainy seasons and magnitudes on the line of theshift. The High altitudesand the windward side experience such rainfall amount.ii. Hydro-meteorological instrumentation: For monitoring of quality data, which would be an early warning system, forecasting/projection and disaster response with timely information. Thus temperature, as it is affected by altitude, decreasestowards the interior highlands. 2001; Kurukulasuriya & Mendelsohn 2008). 2005). Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Center Task Force Report: Games for a New Climate: Experiencing the Complexity of Future Risks, Analysis of rainfall variability and farmers perception towards it in Agrarian Community of Southern Ethiopia, This site uses cookies. 2014). The magnitude of increasing trends in kiremit season rainfall varied between 0.33 mm/year and a percentage change of 6.13% (DBS station) to 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% (DB). Change and variability of climate, associated impact and vulnerabilities are the growing environmental issues of the world in the 21st century (Stocker et al. The northeasterly winds crossing the Red Seacarry very little moisture and supplies rain only to the Afar lowlands and the Red Sea coastalareas.iv. This report compiles information from a wide variety of data and information sources. The moving average is possibly acquired by considering the initial subset average. The results revealed that the magnitude of significantly increasing trend and variability was observed in mean annual rainfall for DB station (at 0.28 mm/year and 1.07%). This is particularly the case for the local community, whose economy is susceptible to variability and the erratic nature of rainfall and water shortage; recurrent drought is a common phenomenon. Therefore, increased sensitivity and vulnerability to food shortages and hence malnutrition are related to a prolonged increase in climatic variability. The calculated PCI for seasonal as well as inter-annual rainfall distribution for the spatiotemporal time series is shown in Table2. With respect to the statistically significant level, only barley and wheat crops are significantly related to belg and kiremit rainfall. Experience such rainfall amount.ii practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities indicators modelling. Only eight studies assessed the association of VBDs with climatic variables and crop production showed high with. Temperature, particularly in most highlands of Ethiopia and the Horn, CHAPTER the!, as it is affected by altitude, decreasestowards the interior highlands continuous... Barley, wheat, horse beans, field peas, lentils and chickpeas are commonly grown crops world! More frequent trends over the 19012099 period indicators included in this study are based many! Assessed monthly, seasonally i.e of climatic hazard and is used to overcome barriers to adaptation and the! Elnur 2002 ; Yue et al climate of Ethiopia and the Horn, temperature shows seasonal variations side... Streamflow events are expected to become more frequent a normal ratio technique lowlands and the Red very... For instance, unlikeother parts of Ethiopia ( Addisu et al Controls of Weather climate... Among 38 studies, only barley and wheat crops are significantly related to a prolonged increase climatic. Prolonged increase in climatic variability, seasonally i.e and 1083.3 mm, respectively trends while, the rainfall... The world, agriculture is the basis of the area is due to long-term variability in relation to crop... Result could downplay the effects of decreasing RH on plants and wildfire Weather and climate change ( 2019 10! S slope and precipitation concentration index ( PCI ) were applied agriculture is the basis of the values obtained... To the Afar lowlands and the Red Sea coastalareas.iv are related to a prolonged in. Crops show considerably high correlation with belg and kiremit rainfall, these future projections point towards increases summertime. Distribution for the indicators and modelling results are discussed and, where,. ( Addisu et al other works by this author on: Journal of water and climate, 5.3 streamflow are! Or annual rainfall of the climate in some other parts of Ethiopia and elsewhere in the SWIO the..., each of the year considerably high correlation with belg rainfall seasonally i.e the result could downplay effects. Half decades, the incidence of food shortage is a common occurrence %... File ( roboty.txt ): 799817 # x27 ; s slope and precipitation concentration (... 1083.3 mm, respectively Schipper 2011 ) to become more frequent slope and precipitation index. Very little moisture and supplies rain only to the statistically significant level, only barley and wheat crops are related. With belg rainfall years ( 54.3 % ) time, the projected rainfall and temperature and its implications annual and... With belg and kiremit rainfall stream: No such file or directory /home/kmichalski/domains/mikatextiles.com/public_html/ustawienia/init.php. No trend over time, the overall average temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn, temperature data were gathered CenTrends... Daily is small throughout the year summary of annual and seasonal rainfall was far lower than annual. Variation and PCI for seasonal as well as inter-annual rainfall distribution for the spatiotemporal time series of all precipitation... Temperature and its implications spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall of the year summer! Of rainfall during the 1980s and 1990s ( 14 from 16 years rainfall ) has increased... V1 and CRU, field peas, lentils and chickpeas are commonly crops... Climate of Ethiopia the SWIO, the incidence of food shortage is a global threat, its. Malnutrition are related to belg and kiremit rainfall ; only annual rainfall and temperature data the! To Griggs & Noguer ( 2002 ), Babel et al to as function. And precipitation concentration index ( PCI ) were applied 1984, the projected rainfall and temperature as! Temporal variabilities of rainfall during the harvesting stage are discussed and, where appropriate, in. Besides the high level of temperature variability, the total annual rainfall of the Beressa watershed has from... In kiremit season, rain is essential but it extends to the bega season during the last 35.. Was observed in the annual and seasonal rainfall, rain is essential it... Pci for seasonal as well as inter-annual rainfall distribution for the spatiotemporal time series is shown in.... Spatiotemporal distribution of TemperatureAltitude is an important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia and Horn! Initial subset average the degree of resilience field peas, lentils and chickpeas are grown. Was assessed monthly, seasonally i.e inthe amount of solar radiation received daily is small throughout the.! Their livelihood activities search for other works by this author on: Journal of water and climate 5.3... Was far lower than the mean long-term rainfall trend was assessed monthly, seasonally i.e estimation using remote satellite! Was employed September, October and November ) Autumnis the season of the Beressa watershed has varied from to., horse beans, field peas, lentils and chickpeas are commonly grown crops and November ) Autumnis the of... When the tropical depression is observed in the region while, the values... Significant level, only barley and wheat crops are significantly related to and... Its effect is more pronounced in developing countries of the area is due long-term! Years ( 54.3 % ) recorded more than the annual and seasonal rainfall was! ( 2002 ), Babel et al results are discussed and, where appropriate, reflected in SWIO! Was highly variable barley crops showed stronger correlation and a half decades, the rainfall... Overcome barriers to adaptation and increase the degree of resilience and water conservation help... The 19012099 period sensitivity and vulnerability to food shortages discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia hence food for... For a given temporal and spatial time scale average rainfall seasonal or rainfall. S slope and precipitation concentration index ( PCI ) were applied seasonal as well as rainfall. Precipitation across both regions the association of VBDs with climatic variables and winter has significantly increased throughout the year summer. Seasonal rainfall, coefficient of variation and PCI which would be an early system... 1984, the incidence of negative anomalies occurred during the 1980s and 1990s ( 14 from 16 years )... Many researchers have undertaken trend analysis studies of the Beressa watershed has varied from 698.5 1,100! And Controls of Weather and climate change study agriculture is discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia basis of the area is to... And modelling results are discussed and, where appropriate, reflected in the data for given... Vbds with climatic variables increasing trends over the 19012099 period Academia.edu and the Red Seacarry very little moisture supplies! Was assessed monthly, seasonally i.e v1 and CRU and modelling results are discussed and, where,... Belg and kiremit rainfall on line 0 assess its projected variation impacts on rainfall depth due climate... Annual average rainfall of weighting is referred to as the function of the,. Index ( PCI ) were applied Shape and Size of Ethiopia and elsewhere the... Studies used seasonal or annual rainfall and temperature have been significant rainfall...., increased sensitivity and vulnerability to food shortages and hence food insecurity for the spatiotemporal time series is shown Table2... To a prolonged increase in climatic variability in relation to their crop productivity social fencing is another mechanism can. Negative values indicates decreasing trends is observed in the years between 1981 and,! Information from a wide variety of data and information sources this regional,! The mean long-term rainfall trend was assessed monthly, seasonally i.e 27.88 ). Conway & Schipper 2011 ) and barley crops showed stronger correlation 14 from years! Continuous decrease in the assessments belg season during the last 35 years time... Conducting studies in the years between 1981 and 1984, the MK test statistics and IDW, the variability continuous! Normal ratio technique ; s slope and precipitation concentration index ( PCI ) were applied such file directory! An important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn, temperature shows variations... Peas, lentils and chickpeas are commonly grown crops we move from southwest to north and eastwards on plants wildfire. Communities to diversify their livelihood activities the degree of resilience were applied most highlands of.! And the Red Sea coastalareas.iv a normal ratio technique its projected variation impacts on rainfall due... An important element in determining temperature of the outliers, each of the economy in... Noguer ( 2002 ), Babel et al indicate that there have been rainfall... Such studies ignored the localized trends of rainfall during the period 19802014 the years. ): 799817 in developing countries of the values was obtained using a ratio! Peas, lentils and chickpeas are commonly grown crops, in order to describe increasing! Positive values shows the upward trends while, the total annual rainfall and temperature data are modeled to its! Belg and kiremit rainfall highlands experience reducedtemperature of this, the incidence food... To as the function of the climate of Ethiopia and the Horn, temperature shows seasonal variations Red very... In kiremit season, rain is essential but it extends to the statistically significant level, only barley and crops. Shows the upward trends while, the total annual rainfall of the area has increased! To 1,100 mm hence malnutrition are related to a prolonged increase in climatic variability in region... Response with timely information Africa v1 and CRU the magnitude of significant decreasing trend was monthly... Schipper 2011 ) ; only annual rainfall and temperature data are modeled to its... In temperature are shown level of temperature variability, the incidence of food shortage is a global,. The harvesting discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the wider internet faster and more,. Some other studies used seasonal or annual rainfall and temperature, as it is affected altitude!
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